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how to calculate speed of light in substance. The speed of light in vacuum commonly denoted c is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physicsIts exact value is defined as 299 792 458 metres per second approximately 300 000 kms or 186 000 mis. According to the formula the index of refraction is the relation between the speed of light in a vacuum and the speed of light in a substance.
N is the refractive index of the material. So at least at first glance it would seem that Einsteins axiom of a universal speed of light leads to paradoxical nonsense. The light is refracted to an angle of 560 to the normal.
As the wave moves through the vacuum of empty space it travels at a speed of c 3 x 10 8 ms.
Index of refraction of a material tells you the speed of light in that material. Youll find the index of refraction of the medium and then the speed of light in the medium see definition of index of refraction. So at least at first glance it would seem that Einsteins axiom of a universal speed of light leads to paradoxical nonsense. S c t.