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mathematical expression for frequency modulation. Modulation frequency This expression describes a signal varying sinusoidally about some average frequency. A general formula for frequency modulation of one sinusoid by another can be written as 45 where the parameters describe the carrier sinusoid while the parameters specify the modulator sinusoid.
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And the instantaneous frequency of the modulated signal is dened as. Let the carrier frequency be f c. Modulation index b Df f m BW 2k f A m f m PM.
It d dt t t.
Modulation index b k p A m BW 2k p A m 1f m Increasing frequency has a more profound effect on the BW of PM 101408 21. Modulation index b Df f m BW 2k f A m f m PM. Frequency Modulation basics 3. Let the carrier frequency be f c.
