It is the angle in radians between the initial and final positions. Displacement D x x f x 0. Displaystyle l 2r 2x 2-2cdot rcdot xcdot cos A.
This change in position is known as displacement.
The formulas for R and d are the same as in the previous undamped free vibration section. The formula of average velocity involves total displacement and total time taken for that displacement. Displaystyle l 2r 2x 2-2cdot rcdot xcdot cos A. D Xf -Xi.