You can type a backslash followed by the name of a symbol and a space to insert that symbol. Google doesnt have a list of all the available shortcuts. 3 to the 4th power 3 4 1 Square root of 5 2 3 squared 3 Fraction.
Then goto Insert Equation to view equation toolbar.
You can choose from Egyptian Hieroglyphs emoji Asian and Arabic scripts arrows mathematical and scientific symbols and more. Before you can use any of the symbols make sure you have selected New Equation. Easily write math equations Write and edit math equations and chemical formulas in your documents and presentations with MathType for Google Docs and Google Slides. You can also insert Greek symbols into your equations from the gMath panel.